– LEGAL ISSUES OF SUBSOIL USE
Additional clarifications on the application of the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 3, 2020 No 440 «On extending the validity of permits and other features of licensing activities in 2020» – р. 4
Rostekhnadzor answers – р. 6
– GEODESY, MINE SURVEYING, GIS
A. V. Gal’yanov Subsoil geometry – a retrospective look and the present. Part 1 – р. 9
The article provides an analytical review of the development of theoretical concepts of subsurface Geometry over the past 120 years – from the moment of the idea of geometrization of rock properties to the present. The theoretical foundations of subsurface Geometry were finalized in the works of P. K. Sobolevsky during his work at the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute in 1920–1933. How and how our knowledge about the subsoil was supplemented gives an idea of the proposed material, which «accidentally» coincided with the centenary of the Department of Surveying at UGGU.
Keywords: subsurface; geochemical field; development; theory; concept; structure; information; representativeness; relativity; correspondence; geometrization; principle; variability.
Yu. N. Kornilov, R. A. Gubaydullina The use of relative values for excluding systematic errors in geodetic measurements – р. 17
It is known that the accuracy of measurements declared in the technical passport of equipment is unattainable in the conditions of its operation. The measurement results contain errors due to the interaction of the measuring instrument, environment and object that is being measured. In order to eliminate them specialists are considering the factors that cause these errors. Today, many methods have been developed to solve this problem, but all of them are quite laborious, and in some cases require additional equipment and measurements. This article describes a simple technology that based on the use of relative values. This principle allows to eliminate all systematic errors of geodetic measurements which is linear in respect to the measured value, and in some cases non-linear. In addition, the method turned out to be useful in assessing the ratios of linear and angular measurements in linear-angular constructions and it allows to significantly simplify the processing of measurement results.
Keywords: linear measurements; angular measurements; systematic error; relative value; similarity factor; linearangular networks; trigonometric leveling; profile lines; deformation monitoring.
V. G. Potyukhlyaev, A. V. Zubov Transfer of points and axis vertically during construction of residential buildings – р. 25
The data on the assessment of the accuracy of the methods for transferring points and axes vertically to mounting horizons are presented. It is concluded that the method of vertical designing is the most reliable during the construction of modern residential buildings, and the satellite method using GNSS technology is the most reliable for high-rise buildings at elevations of 100 or more meters.
Keywords: accuracy; vertical; mounting horizon; methods for transmitting coordinates.
B. N. Dyakov, A. A. Kuzin Comparative analysis of formulas for assessing the accuracy of the polygon area – р. 30
One of the tasks of cadastral surveying is determing the land area. There are several ways to determine the area. The most accurate is the analytical, in which the area is calculated by coordinates of turning points of the land boundaries. However, assessment of the land area accuracy in analytical method can be performed in various forms. In article compares the basic formulas for assessing the accuracy of the polygon area by their mutual transformations. In the process of transformations, several new formulas suitable for practical application were obtained.
Keywords: polygon elements; polygon area; point error; mean error of area.
D. V. Beregovoy Point cloud positioning based on the estimation of local height variance – р. 34
It is an author’s algorithm for increasing the accuracy of positioning the point cloud model by clarifying the heights of a certain section (model element) using calculating the local variance of measurements. It is an important practical case when there is no geodetic basis (reference points). The algorithm based only on coordinates of the point cloud. It is known that an accuracy of planned coordinates is higher than vertical. At the same time, the multi-point measurements allow to build models and separately consider its elements. That is why it is possible to substantially refine the position of the element and, therefore, the point cloud as a whole. By comparing the heights of only neighboring points, this algorithm allows to estimate their local variance, obtained due to imperfections of equipment and external factors, as well as the quality of work and the nature of the relief hasn’t effect on it. The algorithm is proposed to use as an estimate of measurements accuracy of a point cloud, based on the results of laser scanning or aerial photogrammetry for surveying, creating topographic plans, calculating volumes and other works.
Keywords: point cloud; model; error; laser scanning; aerial survey; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); local variance; Delaunay triangulation; height.
– MINE GEOMECHANICS
S. Yu. Novozhenin, K. A. Bogdanova Experience of escalator tunnel construction modeling of “Mining institute” St. Petersburg metro station – р. 40
The article describes the experience of mathematical modeling of geomechanical processes during the construction of the escalator tunnel of the Mining Institute station in St. Petersburg. The features of the construction technology of escalator tunnels with freezing soils and using a EPB TBM tunneling were considered. The analysis of the simulation results from the point of view of the harmful effects on the earth’s surface, namely, the distribution of displacements and deformations in the semi-trough in the main sections, is carried out.
Keywords: escalator tunnel; EPB TBM; displacements and deformations; displacement trough; mathematical modeling; finite element method.
А. Yu. Eskin, V. I. Dzhurik, S. P. Serebrennikov, E. V. Bryzhak Study of landslide processes on Olkhon island using a complex of geophysical methods – р. 45
The study of landslides along the shores of Lake Baikal and the island of Olkhon is extremely important, since the development of the coastline is growing from year to year. This article discusses a complex of geophysical methods when studying a landslide site on the island of Olkhon. It included two methods: engineering seismic exploration, which allows with great accuracy to identify the boundaries of rocks of different lithological composition in the upper part of the section, and electrical exploration by vertical electric sensing, which makes it possible to determine the position of the sliding surface, to determine the volume and shape of the landslide body. It is shown that both methods perfectly complement each other in solving the tasks.
Keywords: landslide process; geophysical methods; seismic wave velocities; vertical electric sounding; landslide monitoring.
– ISSUES OF GEOTECHNOLOGY
V. I. Lyashenko The practice of managing the preparedness of ore reserves for mining with a bookmarked development system – р. 50
The article describes the main results of the development of scientific, methodological and practical methods of managing the preparedness of ore reserves for mining with a chamber development system with the laying of the worked out space, taking into account the constantly changing mining and geological and mining characteristics of deposits of complex structure. On the basis of data on more than 200 blocks worked out by chamber systems with a tab, patterns of movement of ore reserves ready for mining are established. The regulatory indicators of preparedness for the extraction of ore and metal reserves in them for the Novokonstantinovskaya mine of the GP VostGOK (Ukraine) in monthly production rates are substantiated.
Keywords: complex structural fields, preparedness management, ore and metal reserves, chamber development system.
V. V. Melnik, K. M. Murin, A. I. Bukhanik, S. E. Nikiforov Employment of technology of unmanned coal mining during mining of thin coal seams – р. 59
The article presents an analysis of various technological schemes of unmanned mining of thin coal seams, including technology using augering machines, shortwall cutter-loaders for mining thin seams, scraper box machines and hydromonitor machines. The results of their mine tests are presented and the used technical and technological solutions are analyzed.
Keywords: augering; augering machine; hydraulic mining; well drilling; unmanned excavation complex; mechanized mining complex; hydraulic machine.
– GALLERY OF MINE MUSEUMS
L. G. Okladnikova, A. A. Terskova Sector of geology of the museum of the Siberian federal university – р. 64
– ANNIVERSARIES
80 years of Gal’yanov Alexei Vladimirovich – р. 69
– OUR MEMORY
In memory of Okhotin Anatoly Leontievich – р. 70
In memory of Takranov Robert Andreyevich – р. 71
In memory of Lukovaty Yuri Sergeevich – р. 72